Why do subterranean termites build tunnels?

Subterranean termites build tunnels primarily for protection from predators, as well as to create a controlled environment that helps maintain humidity and shelter them from the external environment. These tunnels serve as safe passageways between the termite’s colony and their food sources, primarily wood and cellulose material found in structures and vegetation.

By constructing these underground tunnels, subterranean termites are able to minimize exposure to potential threats, such as birds and other predators, thus enhancing their survival rates. Additionally, tunnels provide a means for moisture control, which is essential for these organisms, as they are sensitive to dry conditions. Tunnels are crucial for their daily activities, allowing them to move safely and efficiently within their ecosystem.

In contrast, while building a habitat and finding mates are important aspects of a termite's life cycle, these activities are secondary to the need for protection and safety that the tunnels provide. Storing food is more commonly associated with practices of other insect species, whereas termites generally consume wood and integrate it into their daily foraging behavior rather than creating dedicated storage spaces in their tunnels.